高岭土是含有水合硅酸铝的天然矿物沉积物。广泛称为白土或瓷土, 这些矿物具有对工业和商业应用至关重要的理想性质。因此,高岭土开采和加工步骤充分考虑了原油矿床的性质和产品的最终用途。
相关的: 洞察:高岭土采矿业的循序渐进
中国粘土开采和加工步骤
1.采矿阶段
采矿阶段是从最初或原始矿物环境中提取矿床的过程。它通常包括在露天或地下采矿类型中执行的钻孔程序。采矿实践使用电动至柴油铲以及大型牵引铲。
卡车将装载提取的矿藏,并将其运至加工厂。否则,拖曳铲会将它们直接抛到撞锤(便携式撞锤)上。
2.处理阶段
开采阶段结束后,高岭土将经历进一步的加工阶段,无论是干的还是湿的。
a、 干法加工
高岭土经过粉碎、干燥、粉碎和分级等干燥过程,以净化沉积物。辊式粉碎机将大块的高岭土碾碎至最佳尺寸。这些破碎的高岭土进入旋转干燥机进行进一步干燥、粉碎和气浮程序。目的是消除粗砂砾。只有细颗粒会移动到收集室,而粗颗粒会返回粉碎机。
Although air floating has a limitation of ability in enhancing the clay brightness, the dry process results in relatively low-cost products. Rubber industries are the largest user of dry-processed kaolin.
b. Wet Processing
做好准备,因为湿法处理可能需要漫长而细致的处理。
这一过程也从采矿阶段开始,例如,通过使用水射流采矿来提取粗高岭土。这台磨碎机将白色粘土矿藏磨成小块,并与水混合。此外,还添加了化学溶解剂,以形成泥浆或粘土泥浆。
离心泵或高压泵将泥浆从钝浆器推至沉淀箱,开始除垢过程。筛网、水力旋流器和水力分离器(分级机)或大桶也可用于去除被称为“砂砾”的粗物质。
然后,离心分离器将泥浆分为细颗粒和粗颗粒。细粒高岭土经过了最具挑战性和创新性的加工处理。换言之,离心分级机按不同市场的需要,将去屑粘土分级至-325目,以产生细(超细)级分。
The largest user of fine fractions is the industries for 涂布纸, high-gloss paint, special-made ceramics, rubber, and ink. Meanwhile, the coarse fraction is highly applicable for filler in paints, 塑料, paper coatings, and adhesives.
该阶段还使用化学漂白方法精炼物质,并消除因铁杂质而产生的一些铁锈色或着色。硫酸将粘土浆酸化至约pH 3.0,以溶解铁组分。加入强还原剂硫酸氢钠或锌可将铁转化为可溶性硫酸盐。
在浸出(增白和光亮)过程之后,过滤和脱水是在使用离心机、压滤机、管式过滤器或旋转真空过滤器之后进行的。过滤的脱水浆料在旋转干燥机、喷雾干燥机或挡板中进行干燥阶段。
离心脱水过程中通过添加化学分散剂和喷雾干燥器的帮助将产生预分散的粘土。旋转式过滤器将挤出高岭土面条,经过挡板干燥,得到块状粘土和粉状粘土。
对于压滤机,将去除水和溶解的杂质,形成高岭土饼和面条,并通过挡板干燥形成粉粘土。高岭土面条将通过自然干燥和圆盘研磨机变成高岭土粉。如果将滤饼放入分散机和滚筒干燥机中,则会产生预分散的粘土。
高岭土开采和加工时间长而先进,不是吗?
水力旋流器
如前所述,高岭土浆料通过筛网、水力旋流器和水力分级机等特殊设备进行“脱粒”过程。这些筛网可以是100目筛网、200目筛网和325目筛网目 屏幕同时,分类器由离心式水力分离器和离心式捕集器组成。那么,水力旋流器呢?
Hydrocyclones (or shortened simply as cyclone or hydrocyclone) is a specific mechanical unit useful for classifying, separating or sorting particles in a liquid suspension. For the kaolin case, the liquid suspension here is the kaolin slip or slurry.
它看起来怎么样?
Hydrocyclones have a conical-cylindrical shape. It has a tangential inlet to feed the liquid flow into a cylinder-shaped section. At each axis of the cylindrical segment, an outlet called the vortex finder extends to the cyclone. It is in charge of reducing direct short-circuit flow from the inlet. There is also a spigot, namely the second outlet at the conical end, more precisely at the lower end.
Both outlets are generally in the open state in the separation process by size, exposed to the open air. Since hydro clones have a vertical operation thus the ultra-fine product is ‘the overflow’ while the coarse product is ‘the underflow’. This device offers various diameter sizes (Ø75, Ø50, and Ø25) for multiple separation processes.
它是如何工作的?
分选过程利用向心力(一种使物体沿曲线路径运动的动力)与流体阻力的比值进行。粗颗粒(按尺寸分开)和致密颗粒(按密度分开)的裕度较高。相反,光和细颗粒含量低。
锥形涡流发生室在操作过程中起着重要作用。当液体悬浮液(或高岭土的浆液)通过涡流探测器进入旋风分离器的锥形壁时,该过程开始。它将在水力旋流器中产生切向流,从而形成强大的涡流。
然后,泥浆将在高速涡流中快速旋转。能够留在液体悬浮液中的细(或超细)颗粒将从顶部中心管道流出,从而溢出。同时,粗颗粒将在窄涡底端作为底流螺旋下降。
综上所述,上述水力旋流器意味着高岭土的开采和加工考虑了技术和其他方面。我们的目标是获得最好和最理想的产品。他们需要考虑矿藏的性质和成品的经济最终用途,甚至在开始加工之前。
Dear Sir, We have an old wet process kaolin factory. It produce upgraded kaolin from chemically and/or physically altered granite/pegmatite. The product mainly used as an input for aluminum sulfate production. The capacity of the factory now a day is reduced due to the age. We want to rehabilitate the old factory and need a capable firm or individual who can access the present condition of the factory and identify the major parts of the problem and suggest a solution so that we can buy those bottle neck parts directly or hire industries to produce or manufacture the parts.
Please if you need more about our kaolin processing plant we are ready to make it.
sincerely